In a nutshell

The neuron is a nerve cell and is the fundamental building block of the nervous system. Neurons are responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals within the nervous system.

Components of a neuron

• Soma: The cell body that contains the nucleus and other essential organelles that support the neuron’s functions.
• Dendrites: Branching extensions that serve as receivers, collecting signals from other neurons or sensory receptors.
• Axon: Long, slender extensions that transmits electrical impulses (action potentials) away from the cell body and to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

How do neurons communicate with each other?

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